Det är fortfarande ovanligt med kvinnor på vd-positioner – till exempel är inte ens tio procent av vd:arna på S&P 500 och FTSE 350 kvinnor. Den vanliga vägen till ledande topproller går ofta genom finansiella och operativa roller, som främst innehas av män. Men det finns tecken på framsteg. Allt fler kvinnor får regionala vd-befattningar samtidigt som HR inkluderas i ledningsgrupper, vilket kan bredda gruppen av möjliga kandidater. För att uppnå jämställdhet på högsta nivå behöver företag ändra sina urvalsprocesser och syna sina fördomar, skriver Financial Times. The FT analyses exclusive data on the pipeline of women coming up through the ranks of business. By Emma Jacobs Financial Times, 17 July 2023 Chanel boss Leena Nair and former Xerox head Anne Mulcahy have something in common: they were appointed chief executive after extensive experience in human resources. But their promotions were not typical. Figures from global data company BoardEx show a far more common route to the top job is through finance and operational roles — and these are still overwhelmingly held by men. For the number of female CEOs in the US and UK to increase, BoardEx says there must be a significant shift in recruitment practices. Either companies broaden their search beyond traditionally male-dominated jobs or step up efforts to appoint women to these positions. Using exclusive data on senior roles within the S&P 500 and FTSE 350, the Financial Times has analysed the pipeline of potential future female CEOs and assessed the path to greater equality at the head of business. UK telecoms group Vodafone this year elevated its finance chief, Margherita Della Valle, to become its first female CEO. It is a common career path — in the FTSE 350 as a whole, 13 per cent of current CEOs were promoted from a CFO position, according to data provided by BoardEx. But still only 23 per cent of UK CFO positions are currently held by women, indicating the challenge for companies to achieve better gender diversity. Similarly, of the S&P 500 bosses that were not already a CEO in their previous role, 13 per cent were promoted from the position of chief operations officer and 6 per cent from CFO, both heavily male-dominated roles in the US. The BoardEx data analysed the careers of current CEOs over a 20-year period. This showed a clear trend of CEOs coming up through the ranks of traditionally male-dominated finance and operational roles. About 45 per cent of those holding S&P 500 and FTSE 350 CEO jobs in the first quarter of 2023 had previously run a division. A fifth of S&P 500 and a quarter of FTSE CEOs had held a role in finance. Only 1.4 per cent of current CEOs in the S&P 500, and 1.6 per cent in the FTSE 350 had HR experience over the 20 years prior to their appointment. About 9 per cent of US bosses and 5 per cent of those in the UK had held marketing roles. There are more female CEOs in the US and UK than five years ago, according to the BoardEx data — but the numbers still do not even make double digits. Women account for 8 per cent of CEOs in both the S&P 500 and FTSE 350 now, up from 4 per cent for both indices in 2018. Drop one tier down and women are still by far the minority, although the numbers are higher. They hold 21 per cent of senior finance roles in the top US companies, up from about 18 per cent five years ago, according to BoardEx. Amy Hood at Microsoft, Ruth Porat at Alphabet and Colette Kress at Nvidia are among the female CFOs in the US. British water group Severn Trent, one of the few FTSE 100 businesses with a female CEO, recently appointed Helen Miles as CFO. The same role at Barclays has been held by Anna Cross since last year. The “C-suite” roles where women make up the majority are HR, marketing and PR. They account for about half the senior sustainability positions and 40 per cent of senior legal roles. But the BoardEx data suggests these functions have not historically been a stepping stone to the top job. Maya Imberg, senior director at BoardEx, said not enough women were gaining the relevant experience as their careers developed to later become CEO of a large listed company. With women a minority in top level commercial, operations and finance roles, she said “there is a limited pipeline of possible female candidates for an eventual CEO position”. She added that to build that pipeline at UK and US-listed companies, “female leaders need to gain more experience in either commercial and executive functions, finance, operations or sales. Female CEOs who initially worked in HR often gained experience elsewhere in their companies before landing the top job. Mulcahy at Xerox, for example, began her career in HR, but moved into senior operational positions before becoming CEO. Mary Barra, CEO and chair of General Motors, led other sections of the carmaker following her time as vice-president of global HR. Roisin Currie, chief executive of UK bakery chain Gregg’s, spent 30 years in HR but gained additional experience as the company’s retail and property director. However, there are signs of a shift in how companies perceive HR roles, which could help more women progress up the ranks. HR positions are now more likely to be considered part of the “C-suite” than five years ago. According to the BoardEx data, 59 per cent of FTSE 350 companies have an HR officer in their senior leadership team, up from 42 per cent in 2018, while in the S&P 500 77 per cent of companies do, up from 61 per cent. The inclusion of female-dominated roles, such as HR, in senior leadership teams could help broaden the pool of potential chief executives. “HR is not the country cousin it used to be,” said Denise Wilson, CEO of the FTSE Women Leaders Review. “Post-Covid has brought about monumental changes about what is needed for leadership and expectations among employees.” Other factors are also advancing the pipeline of potential female CEOs. The share of divisional and regional CEO roles and similar executive positions held by women has increased, according to the BoardEx data. In the S&P 500, women make up 22 per cent of these roles, up from 14 per cent in 2018. In the UK, it is 18 per cent, up from 10. This matters particularly in the US, as these roles are increasingly a stepping stone to the CEO position. Over the 20 years before their appointment to the top job, 45 per cent of US CEOs had experience as divisional chiefs, up from 39 per cent in 2018, while the proportion of CEOs with experience as regional chiefs increased from 5 per cent to 8 per cent. Katie Bickerstaffe, who was appointed co-CEO of British retailer Marks and Spencer last year, has experience in HR and marketing, but was also a regional CEO of Dixons Carphone (now Currys). Imberg noted that more women were being appointed to C-suite roles in finance, operations and sales, although these remained heavily male-dominated. “In the long run this will help boost the pipeline for future female CEO candidates.” Some companies are also making efforts to give women exposure to other parts of the business. Danny Harmer, Aviva’s chief people officer, said the insurer had created a commercial leadership programme to develop a diverse pipeline. “The programme covers everything from commercial insights and case studies to understanding the investor perspective and AI. It even includes a mini MBA.” The increase in female non-executive directors is also preparing women to become CEO, acting as “an accelerator,” according to Laura Sanderson, UK country head at headhunter Russell Reynolds Associates. She cited Liv Garfield, chief executive of Severn Trent, and Alison Rose of NatWest as examples. Wilson said a big part of the problem was “a bias in the selection process [and] about our perception of what a leader looks like. It feeds into our choice.” “It’s not that [women] don’t have the right experience,” she added. Sanderson agreed: “There are still some basic hangups about how a CEO looks, sounds and behaves.” Leagh Turner, co-CEO at Ceridian, a US-listed HR software provider, said leaders, especially in male-dominated sectors, should encourage women to join their teams. “Companies should reflect the world their customers are operating in. When they do they immediately strengthen the relationship with their customers.” Wilson said that even the slow progress in appointing women to CEO roles was not reason alone to be gloomy. “Is it woeful? Yes, it is. [But] it’s our standout poor statistic in good progress.” ©The Financial Times Limited 2023. All Rights Reserved. FT and Financial Times are trademarks of the Financial Times Ltd. Not to be redistributed, copied or modified in any way.