Krimbon tar över ukrainska försvaret: Ger aldrig upp Krim

Krimbon tar över ukrainska försvaret: Ger aldrig upp Krim

▸ Han är krimtatar och muslim och kommer aldrig ge upp Krim. Ukrainas nya försvarsminister Rustem Umerov är en del av…

ANALYS: Därför är hemliga delarna av Zelenskyjs segerplan avgörande

ANALYS: Därför är hemliga delarna av Zelenskyjs segerplan avgörande

Kan Ryssland besegras nästa år? Ja säger Ukrainas president. Volodymyr Zelenskyj har en plan för seger som Kreml snabbt kallat ”efemär” – alltså lik en dagslända som lever några timmar. Men sanningen är kanske bistrare än så för ledarna i Moskva. Dagsländan de talar om kan vara ett starkare flygfä än de räknat med. Delar av segerplanen är nämligen hemlig. Hur kan man då bedöma den? Det är svårt - det medges. Vi försöker ändå. Officiellt har planen fem delar. Den första handlar om att ge Ukraina status som inbjuden nation i Nato. Den andra delen heter Försvar. Här finns första hemliga tillägget. Den tredje delen heter Avskräckning. Hemliga tillägg nummer två återfinns här. Fjärde delen kallas Strategisk ekonomisk potential och även här finns ett hemligt tillägg. Den femte delen beskriver hur säkerheten för Ukraina och Europa kan skötas efter ett krigsslut. Europa stormakter redan inspelade Dagarna innan planen lades fram i Radan, Ukrainas parlament, den 16 oktober reste Zelenskyj till London, Paris, Rom och Berlin. Regeringarna i Europas stormakter samt i USA är redan inspelade i vad som ska hända De känner till de hemliga tilläggen, sannolikt för att planen till stor del hänger på dem. Det anges också rakt ut på Ukrainas presidentämbetes hemsida att fem länder känner till det hemliga tillägget under avsnittet Avskräckning. Segerplanen tycks till stor del bero på fem stormakter. Det handlar denna gång inte om att 27 EU-länder ska säga ja eller nej, eller att 32 Nato-länder ska enas. Att Viktor Orban säger nej och ropar på fredsförhandlingar spelar ingen roll. Just nu är det bara Kreml som lyssnar på Ungers premiärminister. Zelenskyjs glädje – ett tecken? Det finns ett litet tecken till. Ukrainas president Volodymyr Zelenskyj kom till EU-toppmötet i Bryssel och verkade på bra humör när han träffade journalister. Han såg lika glad ut när han senare under torsdagen mötte media i Natos högkvarter. För att försäkra mig om att jag inte inbillar mig ställer jag frågan till Sveriges försvarsminister Pål Jonson, som träffade Zelenskyj och hans försvarsminister Rustem Umerov under flera timmar i Natos regi. Var Zelenskyj glad eller har jag missförstått? – Jag uppfattade det så också. Han har greppat momentum i processen. Segerplanen består av olika saker, tankar om hur man ska kunna öka produktionen av försvarsmateriel i Ukraina bland annat, säger Pål Jonson. Ordet momentum betyder flyt eller rörelse framåt. Vad kan det vara som gör den annars bistre och av krig uttröttade ukrainske presidenten på bra humör? Han har flyt enligt Jonson som trots allt vet mer än vi andra. Det kan vara att Segerplanen tagits emot väl och de tre hemliga tilläggen innehåller något att förhandla och enas om. Kanske har Volodymyr Zelenskyj haft några riktiga bra dagar på jobbet?

Nytt drag mot korruption – Umerov får nya kollegor

Nytt drag mot korruption – Umerov får nya kollegor

Ukrainas president Volodymyr Zelenskyj har utnämnt tre nya biträdande försvarsministrar vid sidan av försvarsminister Rustem Umerov, som tillträdde för en månad sedan, rapporterar Sky News. Det beskrivs som ytterligare ett sätt för Zelenskyj att visa att han tar krafttag mot korruption. Bland de nya namnen finns Stanislav Haider som kommer från en chefsroll på landets myndighet mot korruption. De nya ministrarna uppges också få viktiga uppdrag med målet att det ukrainska försvaret ska uppnå Natostandard, skriver Kyiv Independent. Den tidigare försvarsministern Oleksij Reznikov byttes ut efter flera korruptionsskandaler inom försvaret.

EU ökar Ukrainastödet efter amerikanska stoppet

EU ökar Ukrainastödet efter amerikanska stoppet

EU kommer att öka stödet till Ukraina efter att USA tillfälligt strypt det i sin nya provisoriska budget, säger unionens utrikeschef Josep Borrell enligt Reuters. Ukraina kämpar oförtrutet, och om EU vill att det ska vara framgångsrikt ”måste vi ge dem bättre vapen, och större”, säger han på en pressträff i Kyiv efter ett möte med den nye försvarsministern Rustem Umerov. Borrell tillägger att han hoppas att medlemsstaterna kan nå en överenskommelse om ökat stöd innan årsskiftet.

Mysteriet: Är den ryske befälhavaren död eller på videomöte?

Befälhavaren för den ryska Svartahavsflottan dödades i en ukrainsk drönarattack på Krym förra veckan. Eller? Nu har han dykt upp i en video från det ryska försvarsdepartementet. Lever Viktor Sokolov eller inte? Fredagen 22 september träffade minst en ukrainsk robot den ryska Svartahavsflottans högkvarter i Sevastopol på Krymhalvön. Ukraina hävdade att dussintals ryska militärer, inklusive höga befälhavare, dödats och skadats i attacken. Den ryska sidan bekräftade att högkvarteret brandhärjats men var i övrigt förtegen om vad som hade hänt. Under måndagen uppgav de ukrainska specialstyrkorna att den högsta befälhavaren för Svartahavsflottan och 33 andra officerare dödats i attacken. Befälhavaren i fråga är Viktor Sokolov, men Ukraina namngav honom inte. Sokolov har tjänstgjort i flottan sedan 1985, bland annat som biträdande chef för Norra flottan och som befälhavare på Kolaflottiljen. År 2020 blev han chef för S:t Petersburgs sjökrigsskola. Efter Rysslands förnedrande förlust av robotkryssaren Moskva, som enligt uppgifter förliste efter att ha träffats av två ukrainska robotar, entledigades Svartahavsflottans chef Igor Osipov. Sokolov blev hans ersättare. Ryssland ville inte kommentera uppgifterna om att Sokolov dödats. Kremls talesperson Dmitrij Peskov hänvisade alla frågor till försvarsdepartementet. Men under tisdagen dök det upp filmer från ett videomöte med försvarsminister Sergej Sjojgu. På videon syns Sokolov lyssna via länk när Sjojgu talar, men amiralen säger inte ett ord. BBC har låtit analysera videon med mjukvara för ansiktsigenkänning och har kommit till slutsatsen att mannen i videon tycks vara Sokolov. Det finns dock inget i videon som gör att den kan dateras, och det går alltså inte att säga att mötet ägde rum under tisdagen eller ens efter Sokolovs påstådda död. På plattformen X, tidigare Twitter, haglade skämten. Sokolov såg stel ut, sa ingenting och vad var det egentligen han satt på? ”En extremt stor stol? En sjukhussäng?” skrev Financial Times Moskvakorrespondent Max Seddon. Andra spekulerade i att Sokolovs lik sminkats och klätts i uniform. Men videon tycks få Ukraina att backa. Landets nytillträdda försvarsminister Rustem Umerov fick en rak fråga i CNN på tisdagen: Är Sokolov död eller levande? – Om han är död så är det bra nyheter för alla, svarade Umerov. I ett ”klargörande” skriver de ukrainska specialstyrkorna att man står fast vid att 34 officerare dödats i attacken men är mer vag kring Sokolovs öde. Det heter nu att ”öppna källor indikerar” att han är död. Om Ukraina dödade Sokolov skulle det vara det hårdaste slaget mot den ryska flottan sedan förlisningen av robotkryssaren Moskva. Svartahavsflottan är av stor vikt, både symboliskt och militärstrategiskt. Det finns därför stor prestige i frågan på båda sidor. Sky News säkerhetsanalytiker Michael Clarke tror att Ryssland mörkar någonting. – Om han lever och mår bra är det väldigt enkelt för Kreml att göra en video som klart och tydligt visar att den är från i dag. Tills de gör det tror jag vi alla antar att han åtminstone är skadad, säger han. BBC skriver att attacken i Sevastopol var en milstolpe för Ukraina men tillägger: ”Om man har överdrivit sina bedrifter vore det ett vårdslöst misstag i det ständigt pågående informationskriget.” Läs mer

Rysslands svar på Ukrainas utspel: Visar upp den "döde" befälhavaren

Rysslands svar på Ukrainas utspel: Visar upp den "döde" befälhavaren

I fredags attackerade Ukraina den ryska Svartahavsflottans högkvarter vid Sevastopol på Krimhalvön. Ukraina uppgav senare att flottchefen Viktor Sokolov dödats i attacken tillsammans med 33 andra befälhavare. Men nu har det ryska försvarsdepartementet publicerat bilder från ett videomöte som sägs ha hållits på tisdagsmorgonen. En av personerna som syns på videomötet är Viktor Sokolov. Syns men hörs inte i mötet På mötet talade försvarsministern Sergej Sjojgu – men inga av de andra höga befälhavarna som syns på videomötet säger något. BBC har kontrollerat videomaterialet på Sokolov med hjälp av program för ansiktsigenkänning och kunnat bekräfta att personen som syns är flottchefen. Det är däremot oklart när videomötet ska ha hållits, och framför allt om flottchefens videomedverkan är färskt material eller möjligen inspelat tidigare. Ryska medier rapporterar att Viktor Sokolov är vid liv, men Kremls talesperson Dimitrij Peskov har inte svarat direkt på frågan, bara att det är försvarsdepartementets område. Ukraina ser över uppgifter Efter den ryska medierapporteringen har ukrainska medier – med hänvisning till information från ukrainska specialstyrkor – sagt att man ska klargöra information om Sokolovs eventuella död. Ukrainas försvarsminister Rustem Umerov säger inte heller något definitivt när han intervjuas av CNN, bara att Sokolovs död hade varit ”goda nyheter”.

Så förbereder sig Ukraina för ett utdraget krig

Så förbereder sig Ukraina för ett utdraget krig

I Ukraina börjar allt fler inse att kriget mot Ryssland kan komma att bli utdraget. För Ukrainas del handlar det inte bara om att ta tillbaka de ockuperade områdena, men att göra det utan att onödigt många liv går till spillo, har president Volodymyr Zelenskyj förklarat för The Economist. Men ett långdraget krig ställer också andra krav på den militära planeringen, ekonomin och det ukrainska samhället i stort. Den improvisationsförmåga som Ukraina hade stor nytta av i inledningen av kriget räcker inte längre till, skriver tidningen. The improvisation and decentralisation of the early part of the war will no longer suffice By The Economist 12 September, 2023 In the autumn sunshine Kyiv looks glorious. The leafy streets are full of life: café terraces bustle and hipsters throng the bars of Podil, a trendy neighbourhood. The odd air-raid siren aside, the main signs of the 18-month-old war with Russia are rusty tanks turned into makeshift war memorials and the various men in uniform enjoying some leave with their loved ones. To Valery Zaluzhny, Ukraine’s top soldier, the scenes of children eating ice cream and men presenting flowers to their sweethearts are satisfying. “This is what we are fighting for. I just want people to have a normal life in the whole of Ukrainian territory,” he says. The critical word is “whole”: Ukraine’s counter-offensive has not yet produced the results he and others hadhoped for. Russian lines have not crumbled. Almost a fifth of Ukrainian territory remains in Russia’s hands. In the war of attrition that looms, it is not clear which side has more staying power. In part, of course, that depends on a second uncertainty: in what quantities the military and financial support supplied by Ukraine’s allies will keep flowing as the war grinds on. For all its superficial normality, Kyiv is awash with apprehension. Ukrainians know that Russia has been stockpiling missiles and drones to attack their energy infrastructure when temperatures drop. They know that the supply of volunteers has dried up, and that men are being conscripted to replace casualties at the front. And they know no end is in sight: a year ago 50% of them thought it would be over within a year. Now only 34% believe that. Whereas Vladimir Putin, Russia’s dictator, does not care about the lives of his own troops, Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, presides over a democratic society which does. “It is not just about de-occupation [at any cost]. It’s about de-occupation, but not losing a lot of lives,” he recently told The Economist. The prospect of an attenuated struggle has started to seep into Mr Zelensky’s speeches. “We need to learn to live with [the conflict],” he told Ukrainians recently. “It depends on what kind of war. We are prepared to keep fighting for a very long period of time…[while] minimising the number of casualties. Like in Israel, for example. We can live like that.” A war of endurance, however, will require big changes in military planning, the economy and society more broadly. The heroic improvisation and decentralisation of the early part of the war will no longer suffice. On the military side, Mr Zelensky has initiated a clear shift by installing a new minister of defence, Rustem Umerov. Like almost all Ukrainians, he has a personal stake in the war, as a Crimean Tatar, an ethnic group persecuted for Ukrainian sympathies since Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014. But, he says, “Ukraine is not about emotions, it is about a system, logistics and industries.” Mr Umerov, a 41-year-old former entrepreneur and investor, says his mission is to build the capacity of both Ukraine’s defence industry and its soldiers, so that Western allies see Ukraine not as a dependent always begging for aid, but as a partner, capable of shaping its own fortune. His previous job was managing the government’s property portfolio, and he wants to bring an efficient managerial mindset to his new role. Red tape must be eliminated. “Anything that can be digitised, needs to be digitised,” he says. He is not afraid to make waves: after two weeks in the job, he replaced six of his seven deputies. When it was part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had a vast defence industry. Some 1.5m Ukrainians laboured in 700 military enterprises, including 205 factories and 130 research and development sites. Leonid Kuchma, Ukraine’s second president, ran the world’s biggest rocket plant in the city of Dnipro in Soviet times. A flagship factory in Kharkiv produced 900 tanks a year. But corruption and neglect after the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 gradually killed these businesses. Now Ukraine is rebuilding its arms industry almost from scratch. “Anything that can be produced locally, must be produced locally,” Mr Umerov insists. In part that involves reforming state enterprises, the job of Oleksandr Kamyshin, a former investment banker who used to run the state railway company and follows Western management fads. “The first hundred days of the war were about bravery. The next 1,000 days are about steeliness,” he declares. In June, three months after his appointment, Ukraine produced as many shells as it had in the entire previous year. In July it reached double that, Mr Kamyshin says. Mr Umerov wants to encourage private arms manufacturers, which account for only 20-30% of the local industry. He says he is prepared to pay local firms in advance if they can demonstrate their ability to make useful kit. Many are struggling with a dearth of capable managers: the defence ministry is offering to help bring such people back from the front lines. Within five years, Mr Kamyshin predicts, private firms will produce 80% of local output. One focus is on drones. Ukraine’s output of them has grown exponentially, albeit from a tiny base. “We will [produce] 120 to 150 times more drones than we did last year,” says Mykhailo Fedorov, the 32-year-old minister for digital transformation, who is co-ordinating the effort. The number of local firms in the business has risen from seven in December to 70 now, the vast majority of them private. To encourage this growth the government has eliminated tariffs on imported components and is buying drones at prices that allow margins of as much as 25%. “We can win in a technological war,” says Mr Fedorov. “We are getting help from countries with large economies and a greater level of freedom. Technologies like freedom and they like mobility. We have both.” Mr Kamyshin wants Western military contractors to start localising their production, too. bae Systems, a British defence firm which makes lots of weapons supplied to Ukraine, has set up a local subsidiary, hoping to produce l119 and m777 howitzers, which are both in wide use at the front. Rheinmetall, Germany’s biggest arms manufacturer, is already repairing Leopard tanks in Ukraine and plans to open an armoured-vehicle factory soon. As Armin Papperger, its ceo, told cnn, “[Ukrainians] have to help themselves. If they always have to wait [for] Europeans or Americans [to] help them over the next ten or 20 years…that is not possible.” Protecting such factories from Russian attacks will require ingenuity. “We will not have one Soviet-style hypergiant plant but many smaller plants spread across the country,” says Mr Kamyshin. Drones are proof of what is possible: Ukraine’s surging output of reconnaissance devices, Mr Fedorov says, has helped give it parity with Russia’s forces. Production of longer-range ones, which can hit targets in Crimea and deep inside Russia, is also growing. “It is an important historical moment,” he says, “when we are not simply receiving aid and hoping [that it will not run out] but when we are taking responsibility for our own lives in our own hands and starting to form our own capability.” Ukraine’s growing drone industry also allows its armed forces to adopt new tactics, by taking the war inside Russia. One aim is to hit military factories in an effort to disrupt whole supply chains. Recent examples include an attack on a facility that produces decalin, a fuel additive essential for rockets, and a plant that makes circuitry for Kinzhal and Iskander missiles. A second aim is psychological: to shatter the facade of normality the Kremlin tries to preserve, particularly in big cities such as Moscow. Airports there have had to suspend flights for brief spells almost daily in recent weeks owing to drone attacks on the city. (Mr Kamyshin says he would like to set up a shop selling t-shirts with the slogan “Moscow never sleeps”.) Ukraine also has a third goal in its strikes on Russian infrastructure: to deter Russian attacks on its own infrastructure. Since Russia withdrew in July from a deal allowing exports of grain from Ukraine’s ports on the Black Sea, it has been bombarding those and other export routes and threatening ships calling at Ukrainian ports. Ukraine’s exports have halved as a result, doing yet more damage to an already stricken economy. Ukraine is trying to break the Russian blockade. Last month it established a new sea route, hugging the western coast of the Black Sea close to Romania and Bulgaria. If Ukraine can protect it, it could raise its exports to some 70% of pre-war levels. On September 17th, two ships docked at the port of Chornomorsk near Odessa to load almost 20,000 tonnes of wheat. Hours later Russia unleashed a barrage of drones and missiles at other nearby ports. Ukrainian strategists hope that, if they can threaten Russian ports on the Black Sea and strike at the military bases from which attacks on Ukrainian ports are launched, they may be able to keep Ukraine’s exports afloat. Earlier this month Ukrainian missiles damaged a submarine, a ship and port facilities at a Russian naval base in Crimea. It had decent air defences, but more distant Russian facilities may not be as protected. The focus on protecting exports reflects a sense among Ukrainian officials that the economy will also need a drastic overhaul to cope with a long war. Ukraine received $31bn in financial aid last year and is on course to receive even more this year. But Serhiy Marchenko, the finance minister, assumes that such largesse will not be forthcoming indefinitely. Meanwhile, military spending has leapt from 5% of gdp before the war to 26% this year. Even if the fighting stopped, spending might not drop much. General Zaluzhny says, “I want the Ukrainian army to be so strong that Russia does not even dare to look in our direction.” The shrunken economy is too small to generate sufficient tax revenue to pay for Ukraine’s security, Mr Marchenko notes, so the government will have to help it grow by improving the business climate and fostering industry. The main concern for investors, says Mr Marchenko, is not physical security but the unreliable legal system, a problem that predates the war. Similarly, it is corruption rather than the damage done by the war to Ukraine’s infrastructure that most Ukrainians see as the main obstacle to recovery. The independent corruption-fighting investigators, prosecutors and courts that Ukraine has put in place are making progress, but the broader judicial system remains inefficient and unpredictable. Perhaps the worst injury that the war has inflicted on the economy has been to prompt an exodus of 7m Ukrainians—nearly 20% of the pre-war population of 37m people. More than two-thirds are women, since men of fighting age are barred from leaving the country. The working-age population has shrunk from 16.7m in 2021 to 12.4m this year. To lure people back, the government is offering startup grants for businesses and subsidised mortgages for those rebuilding homes. But many of the departed have settled in richer, more stable places in the eu, found jobs and put their children in school. They are unlikely to want more upheaval and they may see more opportunity for themselves and their children in their new homes, whatever the security situation in Ukraine. A recent survey found that about half of those who have moved to Germany, at least, intend to stay there for the foreseeable future. There is not just an economic cost to the exodus, but a social one as well. According to Olena Zelenska, Mr Zelensky’s wife, who heads a government mental-health initiative, there has already been a rise in the number of divorces “because women and children are abroad and men are here”. Mr Zelensky says there is a real risk that a war of attrition could accelerate an outflow of people from Ukraine, creating further economic problems and widening the gap between those who left and those who have stayed. This is not the only source of social tension. Roman Hasko, a lieutenant from the 80th Airborne Assault Brigade, who volunteered in the first week of the war, says he feels disappointed to see the bustle of night-time Kyiv, having just arrived on leave from the front line near Bakhmut. “I see a lot of potential recruits. I have many free positions in my unit. Not all have been killed—some are wounded or sick…If we are talking about winning this war, these empty lines need to be filled.” In the first weeks of the war men like Mr Hasko queued up to enlist. Now Ukraine is filling the ranks through conscription. Some young men who have not yet been called up are nervous about leaving home or passing checkpoints for fear of being dragooned. Many try to bribe their way out of military service and to leave the country illegally. Last month Mr Zelensky sacked the heads of all the regional military recruitment centres. He replaced them with soldiers with battlefield experience who had been vetted by intelligence services. Earlier this month the Ministry of Defence drastically cut the number of medical exemptions. Ukrainians clearly have some concerns about how the country is being run. Approval of the army and the president remain sky high, but confidence in the country’s politicians in general is down from 60% in December to 44% in June. The share of Ukrainians who say the country is on the right track has also slipped (see chart). There is disquiet about corruption in particular. But 76% tell pollsters they do not want new elections until the war is over. Support for Ukraine’s independence is the highest it has ever been, at 82%. Most do not complain about restrictions on movement or other wartime curtailment of civil liberties. “War has become part of a new horrific normal,” says Darina Solodova, a sociologist with the United Nations Development Programme in Kyiv. Resistance to Russia’s aggression remains a unifying principle for the vast majority. “It is not the question of whether to resist or not, but who has done more or less for that resistance,” says Ms Solodova. Across Ukraine 42% say that even if Russia intensifies its bombing of cities Ukraine should keep fighting. Some 21% think that the conflict should be frozen without making any concessions to Russia. Only 23% think it is worth initiating negotiations. Even in the east and south, which have borne the brunt of the war, support for negotiations is relatively low, at 32% and 39% respectively. Only 5% of Ukrainians are willing to cede any territory to Russia and only 18% to forswear joining nato. Research by the Centre for Sustainable Peace and Democratic Development, a think-tank in Cyprus, suggests that Ukrainians have become more optimistic about the future despite the war. Most believe that future generations will be better off. Ms Zelenska is not surprised: “People know what they are fighting for, not just what against.” © 2023 The Economist Newspaper Limited. All rights reserved.

Rustem Umerov på YouTube

President Zelensky nominates Rustem Umerov as Ukraine's new defence minister

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The Independent på YouTube

Zelensky replaces defence minister Oleksii Reznikov with Rustem Umerov

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The Times and The Sunday Times på YouTube

Zelensky taps Umerov, a well-respected govt official & Crimean activist, to 'steady ship' at Defense

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FRANCE 24 English på YouTube

Ukraine gets new defense minister: Rustem Umerov

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CBS News på YouTube

Rustem Umerov i poddar

Rustem Umerov on negotiating for Ukraine in the midst of war

Special Envoy of President Zelensky, Rustem Umerov, takes us back to the day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, recalling nightly conversations with the presidential office and the first attempts at negotiation only days after the war had begun.Serving as one of Ukraine’s negotiators, Umerov’s first-hand account of the past months offers unique insights into the dynamics of an ongoing armed conflict. He also shares his personal motivations for going into human rights work, and for choosing to negotiate at a time when war rages at home.If you are interested in learning more about the Oslo Forum, you can find this year's report here.